See 同化 on Wiktionary
{
"antonyms": [
{
"roman": "yìhuà",
"sense": "antonym(s) of “to become/make similar”",
"word": "異化"
},
{
"roman": "yìhuà",
"sense": "antonym(s) of “to become/make similar”",
"word": "异化"
},
{
"roman": "fēnhuà",
"sense": "antonym(s) of “to become/make similar”",
"word": "分化"
},
{
"roman": "yìhuà",
"sense": "antonym(s) of “(phonology) to assimilate”",
"word": "異化"
},
{
"roman": "yìhuà",
"sense": "antonym(s) of “(phonology) to assimilate”",
"word": "异化"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "tónghuà zuòyòng",
"word": "同化作用"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "民族同化"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "dōka",
"ruby": [
[
"同",
"どう"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"word": "同化"
},
{
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "donghwa",
"word": "동화(同化)"
},
{
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "同化",
"word": "đồng hoá"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "同化",
"name": "zh-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "48 52",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 31 10 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 31 11 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to make similar"
],
"id": "en-同化-zh-verb-KYiPZcP-",
"links": [
[
"make",
"make"
],
[
"similar",
"similar"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(ergative) to make similar"
],
"tags": [
"ergative"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Phonology",
"orig": "zh:Phonology",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "48 52",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 31 10 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 31 11 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to assimilate"
],
"id": "en-同化-zh-verb-7MdElNHR",
"links": [
[
"phonology",
"phonology"
],
[
"assimilate",
"assimilate"
]
],
"qualifier": "or generally",
"raw_glosses": [
"(phonology, or generally) to assimilate"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"phonology",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "tónghuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄊㄨㄥˊ ㄏㄨㄚˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "tung⁴ faa³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Dong",
"Foochow-Romanized"
],
"zh_pron": "dùng-huá"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "tông-hòa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"Peng'im"
],
"zh_pron": "dang⁵ huê³"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Wugniu"
],
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Shanghai"
],
"zh_pron": "⁶don-ho₅"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "tónghuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄊㄨㄥˊ ㄏㄨㄚˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "tónghuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh_pron": "tʻung²-hua⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "túng-hwà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
],
"zh_pron": "tornghuah"
},
{
"roman": "tunxua",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Palladius"
],
"zh_pron": "тунхуа"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰʊŋ³⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"homophone": "同化",
"raw_tags": [
"Homophones"
],
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese"
]
},
{
"homophone": "童話",
"raw_tags": [
"Homophones"
],
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese"
]
},
{
"homophone": "童话",
"raw_tags": [
"Homophones"
],
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "tung⁴ faa³"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "tùhng fa"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "tung⁴ faa³"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh_pron": "tung⁴ fa³"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰʊŋ²¹ faː³³/",
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Dong",
"Fuzhou",
"Foochow-Romanized"
],
"zh_pron": "dùng-huá"
},
{
"ipa": "/tuŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋuɑ²¹³/",
"tags": [
"Min-Dong",
"Fuzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "tông-hòa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "tông-huà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "donghoax"
},
{
"ipa": "/tɔŋ²⁴⁻²² hua²¹/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tɔŋ²⁴⁻²² hua⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tɔŋ¹³⁻²² hua²¹/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ hua¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tɔŋ²³⁻³³ hua²¹/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"Peng'im"
],
"zh_pron": "dang⁵ huê³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "tâng huè"
},
{
"ipa": "/taŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ hue²¹³/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Wugniu"
],
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Northern",
"Shanghai"
],
"zh_pron": "⁶don-ho₅"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"MiniDict"
],
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Northern",
"Shanghai"
],
"zh_pron": "don^去 ho^去"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Northern",
"Shanghai",
"Wiktionary-specific",
"romanization"
],
"zh_pron": "³don-ho₂"
},
{
"ipa": "/doŋ²² ho⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Northern",
"Shanghai",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
}
],
"word": "同化"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "同",
"2": "どう",
"3": "化",
"4": "-か",
"t1": "same",
"t2": "-ize, -ization"
},
"expansion": "同(どう) (dō, “same”) + 化(か) (-ka, “-ize, -ization”)",
"name": "ja-compound"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From 同(どう) (dō, “same”) + 化(か) (-ka, “-ize, -ization”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "同化",
"ruby": [
[
"同",
"どう"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "dōka",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "どうか"
},
"expansion": "同(どう)化(か) • (dōka)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "29 31 10 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 31 11 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "67 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with Heiban pitch accent (Tōkyō)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese verbs without transitivity",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "anabolic steroid",
"roman": "tanpaku dōka suteroido",
"ruby": [
[
"同",
"どう"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"translation": "anabolic steroid",
"word": "タンパク同化ステロイド"
},
{
"roman": "fudōka",
"ruby": [
[
"不",
"ふ"
],
[
"同",
"どう"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"word": "不同化: nonassimilation"
},
{
"english": "assimilation, metabolism",
"roman": "dōka sayō",
"ruby": [
[
"同",
"どう"
],
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"作",
"さ"
],
[
"用",
"よう"
]
],
"translation": "assimilation, metabolism",
"word": "同化作用"
},
{
"roman": "tansan dōka sayō",
"ruby": [
[
"炭",
"たん"
],
[
"酸",
"さん"
],
[
"同",
"どう"
],
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"作",
"さ"
],
[
"用",
"よう"
]
],
"word": "炭酸同化作用 carbon dioxide assimilation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"assimilation"
],
"id": "en-同化-ja-noun-IxKwFBmw",
"links": [
[
"assimilation",
"assimilation"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "どーか"
},
{
"ipa": "[do̞ːka̠]"
}
],
"word": "同化"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "同",
"2": "どう",
"3": "化",
"4": "-か",
"t1": "same",
"t2": "-ize, -ization"
},
"expansion": "同(どう) (dō, “same”) + 化(か) (-ka, “-ize, -ization”)",
"name": "ja-compound"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From 同(どう) (dō, “same”) + 化(か) (-ka, “-ize, -ization”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "同化する suru",
"ruby": [
[
"同",
"どう"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "dōka suru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "同化し",
"roman": "dōka shi",
"ruby": [
[
"同",
"どう"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "同化した",
"roman": "dōka shita",
"ruby": [
[
"同",
"どう"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-verbconj-row",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "同化し",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "どうかし",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "dōka shi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "同化し",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "どうかし",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "dōka shi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "同化する",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "どうかする",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "dōka suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "同化する",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "どうかする",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "dōka suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "同化すれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "どうかすれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "dōka sure",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "同化せよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "同化しろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "どうかせよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "どうかしろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "dōka seyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "dōka shiro",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "同化される",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "どうかされる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "dōka sareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "同化させる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "同化さす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "どうかさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "どうかさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "dōka saseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "dōka sasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "同化できる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "どうかできる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "dōka dekiru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "同化しよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "どうかしよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "dōka shiyō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "同化しない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "どうかしない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "dōka shinai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "同化せず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "どうかせず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "dōka sezu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "同化します",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "どうかします",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "dōka shimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "同化した",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "どうかした",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "dōka shita",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "同化して",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "どうかして",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "dōka shite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "同化すれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "どうかすれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "dōka sureba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "どうか"
},
"expansion": "同(どう)化(か)する • (dōka suru) suru (stem 同(どう)化(か)し (dōka shi), past 同(どう)化(か)した (dōka shita))",
"name": "ja-verb-suru"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "29 31 10 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 31 11 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 77",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms read with on'yomi",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 58",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms suffixed with 化 read as か",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 74",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese verbs without transitivity",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to assimilate"
],
"id": "en-同化-ja-verb-7MdElNHR",
"links": [
[
"assimilate",
"assimilate"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "どーか"
},
{
"ipa": "[do̞ːka̠]"
}
],
"word": "同化"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "donghwa",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "동화",
"tags": [
"hangeul"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"hangeul": "동화"
},
"expansion": "同化 • (donghwa) (hangeul 동화)",
"name": "ko-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "assimilation",
"word": "동화"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hanja form of 동화 (“assimilation”)"
],
"id": "en-同化-ko-noun-jcHEQMcS",
"links": [
[
"hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"동화",
"동화#Korean"
],
[
"assimilation",
"assimilation"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"hanja"
]
}
],
"word": "同化"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "verb",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "同化",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "同化",
"name": "vi-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese Chữ Hán",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"chữ Hán form of đồng hóa (“to assimilate”)"
],
"id": "en-同化-vi-verb-0mna5WLC",
"links": [
[
"chữ Hán",
"chữ Hán#Vietnamese"
],
[
"đồng hóa",
"đồng hóa#Vietnamese:_同化"
],
[
"assimilate",
"assimilate"
]
]
}
],
"word": "同化"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"roman": "yìhuà",
"sense": "antonym(s) of “to become/make similar”",
"word": "異化"
},
{
"roman": "yìhuà",
"sense": "antonym(s) of “to become/make similar”",
"word": "异化"
},
{
"roman": "fēnhuà",
"sense": "antonym(s) of “to become/make similar”",
"word": "分化"
},
{
"roman": "yìhuà",
"sense": "antonym(s) of “(phonology) to assimilate”",
"word": "異化"
},
{
"roman": "yìhuà",
"sense": "antonym(s) of “(phonology) to assimilate”",
"word": "异化"
}
],
"categories": [
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese terms spelled with 化",
"Chinese terms spelled with 同",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Chinese verbs",
"Eastern Min lemmas",
"Eastern Min nouns",
"Eastern Min verbs",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "tónghuà zuòyòng",
"word": "同化作用"
},
{
"word": "民族同化"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "dōka",
"ruby": [
[
"同",
"どう"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"word": "同化"
},
{
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "donghwa",
"word": "동화(同化)"
},
{
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "同化",
"word": "đồng hoá"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "同化",
"name": "zh-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Chinese ergative verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to make similar"
],
"links": [
[
"make",
"make"
],
[
"similar",
"similar"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(ergative) to make similar"
],
"tags": [
"ergative"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"zh:Phonology"
],
"glosses": [
"to assimilate"
],
"links": [
[
"phonology",
"phonology"
],
[
"assimilate",
"assimilate"
]
],
"qualifier": "or generally",
"raw_glosses": [
"(phonology, or generally) to assimilate"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"phonology",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "tónghuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄊㄨㄥˊ ㄏㄨㄚˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "tung⁴ faa³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Dong",
"Foochow-Romanized"
],
"zh_pron": "dùng-huá"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "tông-hòa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"Peng'im"
],
"zh_pron": "dang⁵ huê³"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Wugniu"
],
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Shanghai"
],
"zh_pron": "⁶don-ho₅"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "tónghuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄊㄨㄥˊ ㄏㄨㄚˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "tónghuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh_pron": "tʻung²-hua⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "túng-hwà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
],
"zh_pron": "tornghuah"
},
{
"roman": "tunxua",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Palladius"
],
"zh_pron": "тунхуа"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰʊŋ³⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"homophone": "同化",
"raw_tags": [
"Homophones"
],
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese"
]
},
{
"homophone": "童話",
"raw_tags": [
"Homophones"
],
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese"
]
},
{
"homophone": "童话",
"raw_tags": [
"Homophones"
],
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "tung⁴ faa³"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "tùhng fa"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "tung⁴ faa³"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh_pron": "tung⁴ fa³"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰʊŋ²¹ faː³³/",
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Dong",
"Fuzhou",
"Foochow-Romanized"
],
"zh_pron": "dùng-huá"
},
{
"ipa": "/tuŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋuɑ²¹³/",
"tags": [
"Min-Dong",
"Fuzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "tông-hòa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "tông-huà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "donghoax"
},
{
"ipa": "/tɔŋ²⁴⁻²² hua²¹/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tɔŋ²⁴⁻²² hua⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tɔŋ¹³⁻²² hua²¹/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ hua¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tɔŋ²³⁻³³ hua²¹/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"Peng'im"
],
"zh_pron": "dang⁵ huê³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "tâng huè"
},
{
"ipa": "/taŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ hue²¹³/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Wugniu"
],
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Northern",
"Shanghai"
],
"zh_pron": "⁶don-ho₅"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"MiniDict"
],
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Northern",
"Shanghai"
],
"zh_pron": "don^去 ho^去"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Northern",
"Shanghai",
"Wiktionary-specific",
"romanization"
],
"zh_pron": "³don-ho₂"
},
{
"ipa": "/doŋ²² ho⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Northern",
"Shanghai",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
}
],
"word": "同化"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese compound terms",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese suru verbs",
"Japanese terms read with on'yomi",
"Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 化 read as か",
"Japanese terms spelled with 同 read as どう",
"Japanese terms suffixed with 化 read as か",
"Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"Japanese terms with Heiban pitch accent (Tōkyō)",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation with pitch accent",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese verbs",
"Japanese verbs without transitivity",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "anabolic steroid",
"roman": "tanpaku dōka suteroido",
"ruby": [
[
"同",
"どう"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"translation": "anabolic steroid",
"word": "タンパク同化ステロイド"
},
{
"roman": "fudōka",
"ruby": [
[
"不",
"ふ"
],
[
"同",
"どう"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"word": "不同化: nonassimilation"
},
{
"english": "assimilation, metabolism",
"roman": "dōka sayō",
"ruby": [
[
"同",
"どう"
],
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"作",
"さ"
],
[
"用",
"よう"
]
],
"translation": "assimilation, metabolism",
"word": "同化作用"
},
{
"roman": "tansan dōka sayō",
"ruby": [
[
"炭",
"たん"
],
[
"酸",
"さん"
],
[
"同",
"どう"
],
[
"化",
"か"
],
[
"作",
"さ"
],
[
"用",
"よう"
]
],
"word": "炭酸同化作用 carbon dioxide assimilation"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "同",
"2": "どう",
"3": "化",
"4": "-か",
"t1": "same",
"t2": "-ize, -ization"
},
"expansion": "同(どう) (dō, “same”) + 化(か) (-ka, “-ize, -ization”)",
"name": "ja-compound"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From 同(どう) (dō, “same”) + 化(か) (-ka, “-ize, -ization”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "同化",
"ruby": [
[
"同",
"どう"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "dōka",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "どうか"
},
"expansion": "同(どう)化(か) • (dōka)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"assimilation"
],
"links": [
[
"assimilation",
"assimilation"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "どーか"
},
{
"ipa": "[do̞ːka̠]"
}
],
"word": "同化"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese compound terms",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese suru verbs",
"Japanese terms read with on'yomi",
"Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 化 read as か",
"Japanese terms spelled with 同 read as どう",
"Japanese terms suffixed with 化 read as か",
"Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"Japanese terms with Heiban pitch accent (Tōkyō)",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation with pitch accent",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese verbs",
"Japanese verbs without transitivity",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "同",
"2": "どう",
"3": "化",
"4": "-か",
"t1": "same",
"t2": "-ize, -ization"
},
"expansion": "同(どう) (dō, “same”) + 化(か) (-ka, “-ize, -ization”)",
"name": "ja-compound"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From 同(どう) (dō, “same”) + 化(か) (-ka, “-ize, -ization”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "同化する suru",
"ruby": [
[
"同",
"どう"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "dōka suru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "同化し",
"roman": "dōka shi",
"ruby": [
[
"同",
"どう"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "同化した",
"roman": "dōka shita",
"ruby": [
[
"同",
"どう"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-verbconj-row",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "同化し",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "どうかし",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "dōka shi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "同化し",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "どうかし",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "dōka shi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "同化する",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "どうかする",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "dōka suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "同化する",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "どうかする",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "dōka suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "同化すれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "どうかすれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "dōka sure",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "同化せよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "同化しろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "どうかせよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "どうかしろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "dōka seyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "dōka shiro",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "同化される",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "どうかされる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "dōka sareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "同化させる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "同化さす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "どうかさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "どうかさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "dōka saseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "dōka sasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "同化できる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "どうかできる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "dōka dekiru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "同化しよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "どうかしよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "dōka shiyō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "同化しない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "どうかしない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "dōka shinai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "同化せず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "どうかせず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "dōka sezu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "同化します",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "どうかします",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "dōka shimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "同化した",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "どうかした",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "dōka shita",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "同化して",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "どうかして",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "dōka shite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "同化すれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "どうかすれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "dōka sureba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "どうか"
},
"expansion": "同(どう)化(か)する • (dōka suru) suru (stem 同(どう)化(か)し (dōka shi), past 同(どう)化(か)した (dōka shita))",
"name": "ja-verb-suru"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to assimilate"
],
"links": [
[
"assimilate",
"assimilate"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "どーか"
},
{
"ipa": "[do̞ːka̠]"
}
],
"word": "同化"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "donghwa",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "동화",
"tags": [
"hangeul"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"hangeul": "동화"
},
"expansion": "同化 • (donghwa) (hangeul 동화)",
"name": "ko-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"Korean hanja forms",
"Korean lemmas",
"Korean nouns",
"Korean nouns in Han script",
"Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "assimilation",
"word": "동화"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hanja form of 동화 (“assimilation”)"
],
"links": [
[
"hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"동화",
"동화#Korean"
],
[
"assimilation",
"assimilation"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"hanja"
]
}
],
"word": "同化"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "verb",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "同化",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "同化",
"name": "vi-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Vietnamese Chữ Hán",
"Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"Vietnamese lemmas",
"Vietnamese verbs",
"Vietnamese verbs in Han script"
],
"glosses": [
"chữ Hán form of đồng hóa (“to assimilate”)"
],
"links": [
[
"chữ Hán",
"chữ Hán#Vietnamese"
],
[
"đồng hóa",
"đồng hóa#Vietnamese:_同化"
],
[
"assimilate",
"assimilate"
]
]
}
],
"word": "同化"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 同化 meaning in All languages combined (15.9kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <sup> not properly closed",
"path": [
"同化"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "同化",
"trace": "started on line 23, detected on line 23"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </sup>",
"path": [
"同化"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "同化",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-03-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-03-03 using wiktextract (05c257f and 9d9a410). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.